Panzvimbo pokugadzira mahamburger echiChinese, tinoda kugadzira Roujiamo yenyika—kurukurirano pfupi yemajini etsika ari muTongguan Roujiamo.
Tongguan iguta rekare rizere nerunako rwenhoroondo. Iyo yakasarudzika geographic nharaunda uye yakapfuma yenhoroondo tsika yakabereka chinyakare chinonakaTongguan Roujiamo, iyo inonzi zvakajeka "Chinese hamburger". Haisi kungotakura manzwiro uye ndangariro dzevanhu veTongguan, asi zvakare chikamu chakakosha cheChinese chikafu tsika. Iine hunhu hwetsika senge nhoroondo refu, geography yakasiyana, hunyanzvi hwekugadzira, uye hupfumi hwezvirevo. Iyo inhaka yetsika isingabatike yedunhu reShaanxi. Kutsvaga nekuchera magene etsika dzeTongguan Roujiamo kwakakosha zvikuru mukusimudzira pfungwa dzevanhu dzekuzivikanwa uye kudada netsika dzeChinese uye kusimudzira kupararira kwetsika dzechiChinese pasirese.
1. Tongguan Roujiamo ine nhoroondo refu
China ine tsika refu yechikafu, uye chinonaka chese chine kwacho chakasiyana uye nyaya, uye zvimwe chetezvo ndezveTongguan Roujiamo.
Dzidziso yakanyanya kutenderedzwa ndeyekuti Laotongguan Roujiamo yakatanga kuoneka mukutanga Tang Dynasty. Zvinonzi Li Shimin akanga akatasva bhiza kuti akunde nyika. Paaipfuura nepedyo neTongguan, akaravira Tongguan Roujiamo ndokuirumbidza zvikuru: “Inoshamisa, inoshamisa, inoshamisa, II ndakanga ndisingazivi kuti kune chinonaka chakadaro munyika.” Akabva angoritumidza kuti: “Tongguan Roujiamo.” Imwe dzidziso inotendeseka zvakanyanya kubva kuchiteshi cheposvo muTang Dynasty, Tongguan yaive nzira yekufambisa inobatanidza Central Plains neNorth West, uye nzira yakakosha yeSilk Road. uye kuchinjana kwetsika kwakasiyana-siyana kwakaita kuti tsika dzechikafu dzemuno dziwedzere kupfuma Nekufamba kwenguva, kuiswa kwe "braised pork" uye "hu cake", vanogadzira mabhanzi vakapisa vakaenderera mberi nekuvandudza nzira dzekugadzira dzeTongguan Roujiamo, uye vakapedza nzira yekubika mabhanzi nenyama, rurimi rwemombe keke nenyama, uye Nekushanduka kwemakeke enyama, nzira dzekugadzira uye nzira dzave nyore uye nekukurumidza, uye kuravira kwave kupfuma panguva yeQianlong yeQing Dynasty, uye yakagadziridzwa panguva yeRepublic of. China. Mushure mekuvambwa kwePeople's Republic of China, matekiniki ekugadzira akavandudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye akazoshanduka kuita yakasarudzika yakasarudzika nhasi.
Iko hakuna humbowo hwechokwadi hwenhoroondo hunoratidza idzi nhoroondo dzengano, asi vanopa zvishuwo zvevanhu vekare veShaanxi zvehupenyu huri nani sekubatanazve, kuwirirana, uye mufaro. Vanopawo Roujiamo ruvara rwakapfuma rwetsika, zvichibvumira zvizvarwa zvinotevera kudzidza nezvayo kuburikidza nenyaya dzinonakidza. Roujiamo yakapfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe chizvarwa, ichigadzira yakajairwa chikafu tsika ndangariro yevanhu veTongguan. Kusimukira nekushanduka-shanduka kweTongguan Roujiamo kunoratidza hungwaru hwekushanda nesimba, kubuda pachena uye kushivirira kwevanhu veTongguan nepfungwa dzavo dzetsika dzekudzidza kubva kusimba revamwe. Inoita zvakare maTongguan echinyakare masvutugadzike akasiyana mutsika yechikafu uye yave inopenya yekristaro yeYellow River tsika.
2. Tongguan Roujiamo ine ruvara rwedunhu rwakasiyana
China ine ndima yakakura, uye matunhu akasiyana ane tsika dzakasiyana dzekudya. Idzi tsika dzechikafu hadzingoratidzi chete tsika nemagariro enzvimbo, asiwo dzinoratidza nhoroondo nemagariro enzvimbo dzakasiyana. Tongguan Roujiamo ine yakasarudzika tsika yeYellow River Basin kuchamhembe.
Ivhu nemvura zvinotsigira vanhu, uye kuumbwa kwekunaka kwenzvimbo kwakabatana zvakananga nemamiriro ekunze uye zvigadzirwa zvemamiriro ekunze. Kugadzirwa kweTongguan Roujiamo hakuparadzaniswe kubva kune zvakapfuma zvigadzirwa munzvimbo yeGuanzhong. Iyo yakakura Guanzhong Plain ine mwaka yakasarudzika, mamiriro ekunze akakodzera, uye mvura yakaorera uye ivhu rinopihwa neRwizi Wei. Inzvimbo yakanaka yekukura kwezvirimwa. Yakanga iri imwe yenzvimbo dzakakurumbira dzekurima munhoroondo yeChinese kubvira kare. Nekuda kwekufambisa kwayo kuri nyore, yakakomberedzwa nemakomo nenzizi dzine ngozi. Kubva kuWestern Zhou Dynasty, Kubva ipapo, gumi dynasties, kusanganisira Qin, Western Han, Sui uye Tang, vakagadzira misoro yavo pakati peGuanzhong Plain, iyo yakagara kwemakore anopfuura chiuru. Shaanxi ndiyo nzvimbo yekuzvarwa yetsika yekare yeChinese. Kare seNeolithic Age, zviuru zvishanu kana zvitanhatu zvemakore apfuura, "Banpo Villagers" muXi'an vaive nenguruve dzakapfuya. Kwezviuru zvemakore, vanhu vave vaine tsika yokupfuya zvipfuyo nehuku. Iyo yemhando yepamusoro yegorosi yakawanda muGuanzhong uye kubereka kukuru kwenguruve kunopa zvakakwana zvemhando yepamusoro zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira Roujiamo.
Kune akawanda ekare emhando dzeRoujiamo muTongguan, ayo akapfuudzwa kwemazana emakore. Kufamba muTongguan Roujiamo Cultural Museum Experience Hall, kushongedzwa kwechinyakare kunoita kuti vashanyi vanzwe sekunge vadzokera kuimba yevaeni yekare, uye vanonzwa yakasimba nhoroondo mamiriro uye tsika dzevanhu. Vagadziri vane steamed mabhanzi vachiri kushandiswa kutsemura mapini avo ekutenderedza kuratidza hunyanzvi hwavo uye kukwezva vatengi. Aya maitiro anowedzera yakasarudzika runako uye kukosha kwetsika kuTongguan chikafu tsika, iyo izere neakasimba hunhu hwenzvimbo uye manzwiro evanhu. Panguva yemitambo yakakosha nemabiko, Tongguan Roujiamo inofanirwa kunge iri chikafu chekuvaraidza vaenzi. Chavewo chipo icho vanhu veTongguan vanowanzounzira hama neshamwari pavanobuda. Inomiririra kufarira kwevanhu veTongguan kubatanidzwazve kwemhuri, hushamwari uye mitambo yechinyakare. uye kutarisa. Muna 2023, iyo China Cuisine Association yakapa Tongguan zita re "Landmark Guta neRoujiamo Special Chikafu".
3. Tongguan Roujiamo ine hunyanzvi hwekugadzira
Noodles ndiro dingindira guru mudunhu reGuanzhong mudunhu reShaanxi, uye Tongguan Roujiamo ndiye anotungamira mumanoodles. Maitiro ekugadzira eTongguan Roujiamo ane matanho mana: yakabikwa nyama yenguruve, kukanya noodles, kugadzira makeke uye kuisa nyama. Imwe neimwe nzira ine yayo yakavanzika resipi. Kune mabikirwo akavanzika enguruve yakakangwa, mwaka mina yekukanya ma noodles, hunyanzvi hwekugadzira makeke, uye hunyanzvi hwekuisa nyama.
Tongguan Roujiamo inogadzirwa nehupfu hwegorosi hwepamusoro, hwakasanganiswa nemvura inodziya,Alkaline Noodlesnemafuta emafuta, akakanyiwa kuita mukanyiwa, anomonerwa kuita zvidimbu, anokungurutswa kuita makeke, ndokubikwa muchoto chakasarudzika kusvikira ruvara rwachena uye keke ratsvuka. buritsa panze. Makeke ane chiuru chesesame embeu achangobva kubikwa akaiswa mukati, uye ganda rakatetepa uye rakatsetseka, senge puff pastry. Paunotora kuruma, zvakasara zvinodonha uye kupisa muromo wako. Inonaka zvikuru. Nyama yeTongguan Roujiamo inogadzirwa nekunyura uye kubikira nyama yenguruve dumbu mupoto ine yakasarudzika fomula uye zvipfuyo. Nyama yakachena uye yakapfava, muto wakapfuma, wakakora asi usina mafuta, wakaonda asi usina huni, uye unonaka munyu uye unonaka. , kunakirwa kwakadzama. Nzira yekudya Tongguan Roujiamo zvakare yakanyanya kunyanya. Inoteerera "mabhanzi anopisa ane nyama inotonhora", zvinoreva kuti unofanira kushandisa zvingwa zvakabikwa zvinopisa sandwich nyama yakabikwa inotonhora, kuitira kuti mafuta enyama anogona kupinda mumabhandi, uye nyama nemabhanzi zvinogona kusanganiswa pamwechete. , zvinyoro uye crispy, kunhuhwirira kwenyama uye gorosi zvakanyatsobatanidzwa pamwe chete, zvinokurudzira vanodya kunhuhwira, kuravira uye kubata panguva imwe chete, zvichiita kuti vanakidzwe uye vapinde mairi.
Tongguan Roujiamo, zvisinei nesarudzo yezvigadzirwa, iyo yakasarudzika nzira yekugadzira makeke akaomeswa uye nyama yenguruve, kana nzira yekudya "mabhanzi anopisa ane nyama inotonhora", zvese zvinoratidza hungwaru, kushivirira uye kuvhurika pfungwa dzevanhu veTongguan, vachiratidzira. Nzwisisa mararamiro uye anoyevedza pfungwa dzevanhu veTongguan.
4. Tongguan Roujiamo ine nheyo yakanaka yenhaka
"Nhaka yakanakisisa yenhoroondo ndeyekugadzira nhoroondo itsva; mutero mukuru kune budiriro yevanhu ndeyekugadzira chimiro chitsva chebudiriro yevanhu." Tongguan Roujiamo inhaka yakakosha yetsika, uye Tongguan County inoongorora zvakadzama nhoroondo uye tsika dzeTongguan Roujiamo. , ichichipa nhambo itsva yechirevo chetsika.
Kuitira kuti vanhu vazhinji varavire zvinonaka zveTongguan uye kurega Tongguan Roujiamo abude muTongguan, mhizha dzakapisa dzakagadzira hunyanzvi uye dzakatsvaga nekugadzira Tongguan Roujiamo tekinoroji yekugadzira maindasitiri, tekinoroji yekukurumidza kuomesa uye inotonhora cheni zvinhu, izvo zvisina kungo chengetedza zvakanyanya. Tongguan Roujiamo Kuravira kwekutanga kweRoujiamo kwakavandudza hunyanzvi hwekugadzira, kubvumira Tongguan Roujiamo kubuda muTongguan, Shaanxi, kunze kwenyika, uye kupinda zviuru zvedzimba. Kusvika nanhasi, Tongguan Roujiamo ichiri kuvandudza uye kukura, uye yakaunza zvakasiyana siyana zvinonaka, senge spicy Roujiamo, pickled cabbage Roujiamo, nezvimwewo, kusangana nekuravira zvinodiwa nevanhu vakasiyana uye kugadzira Shaanxi Muenzaniso wakabudirira weshanduko. zvemuno masnacks muindasitiri, chiyero uye standardization. Kukurumidza kusimukira kweindasitiri yeRoujiamo kwakatungamira mukusimudzirwa kwehurongwa hwese hwemaindasitiri hunosanganisira kudyara kwegorosi, kupfuya nguruve, kugadzira nekugadzirisa, kutakurwa kweketani inotonhora, kutengesa kwepamhepo nekunze, uye kurongedza zvinhu, kusimudzira budiriro yekurima uye kuwedzera mari yevanhu.
5. Tongguan Roujiamo ine simba rekuparadzira rakasimba
Kuzvivimba kwetsika isimba rinonyanya kukosha, rakadzama uye rinogara kwenguva refu. Kune vanhu vari muShaanxi, Roujiamo iri mumaoko avo chiratidzo cheshungu, ndangariro uye kushuva zvinonaka zvetaundi rokumusha kwavo. Mashoko matatu okuti “Roujiamo” akabatanidzwa mumapfupa avo neropa, achidzika midzi mumweya yavo. Kudya Roujiamo Haisi kungozadzwa kwedumbu chete, asiwo rudzi rwekubwinya, rudzi rwechikomborero mumoyo kana rudzi rwekugutsikana pamweya uye kuzvikudza. Kuzvivimba mune zveupfumi kunobereka kuzvivimba kwetsika. Tong ane hanya nevanhu vanobva kumativi ese enyika uye akawedzera bhizinesi rayo kupasirese. Parizvino, kune zvinopfuura zviuru gumi zvezvitoro zveTongguan Roujiamo munyika yose, zvine zvitoro zvenyama zviri muEastern Europe uye zvinotumirwa kuAustralia, United States, United Kingdom, Canada, South Korea nedzimwe nyika nematunhu. Tongguan Roujiamo haingotauri chete kuravira kwakasiyana kweShaanxi cuisine, asi zvakare inosimudzira kuzivikanwa uye kuvimba kwevanhu veShaanxi mutsika dzeko. Inoparadzirawo runako rurefu rwetsika dzeChinese kuvanhu pasirese uye inovaka shanduko yetsika pakati peShaanxi tsika yechinyakare nenyika dzepasirese. Bhiriji rakawedzera kukwezva, kukwezva uye pesvedzero yetsika yenyika yeChinese pasirese.
Tongguan Roujiamo iri kuramba ichizivikanwa uye yakwezva kutarisisa kwenhau huru. CCTV's "Kupfuma", "Ndiani Anoziva Kudya kweChinese", "Kumba Kwekudya Kwemanheru", "Economic Half Hour" nemamwe makoramu vakaita mishumo yakakosha. Xinhua News Agency yakasimudzira Tongguan Roujiamo kuburikidza nemakoramu akadai se "Tongguan Roujiamo Kuongorora Gungwa", "Kunhuhwirira kweTongguan Roujiamo Kunonhuhwirira muZviuru zveMhuri" uye "Chidimbu cheRoujiamo Chinoburitsa Iyo Code yeKudzoreredza Maindasitiri", iyo yakasimudzira Tongguan. Roujiamo kuve mucherechedzo wepasi rose. Danho rinoita basa rakakosha mukutaura nyaya dzeChinese, kuparadzira izwi reChina, uye kuunza China yechokwadi, ine mativi matatu uye yakazara. Muna Zvita 2023, Tongguan Roujiamo akasarudzwa kupinda muXinhua News Agency's national brand project, zvichiratidza kuti Tongguan Roujiamo achashandisa Xinhua News Agency hupfumi hwenhau zviwanikwa, nzira dzekukurukurirana dzine simba uye ekupedzisira-yekupedzisira kufunga tangi simba kuti riwedzere kukosha kwayo kwemhando, kukosha kwehupfumi uye. kukosha kwetsika, zvichiratidzazve mweya weChinese uye simba reChinese ririmo, uye mufananidzo mutsva we "World Roujiamo" zvirokwazvo uchave wakajeka.